Echocardiographic Assessment of Structural and Functional Cardiac Changes Among Patients With Essential Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and leads to structural and functional cardiac alterations, particularly left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and diastolic dysfunction. Echocardiography enables early detection of these abnormalities.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 38 hypertensive patients aged 30-80 years at Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry. Echocardiographic evaluation was performed according to American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. Left ventricular structure, systolic function, and diastolic function were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21, and associations were evaluated using the Chi-square test.

Results: The mean age of participants was 55 ± 11 years, with 55% males. Grade I diastolic dysfunction was observed in 71% of patients, LVH in 68%, and mild systolic dysfunction in 63%. LVH showed a significant association with diastolic dysfunction (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Echocardiography detects early cardiac remodeling in hypertensive patients and supports routine screening for timely risk stratification and prevention of cardiovascular complications.